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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPackets - Council Packets (1320) AGENDA ORO VALLEY TOWN COUNCIL STUDY SESSION AND SPECIAL SESSION (EXECUTIVE SESSION) JANUARY 14, 2001 ORO VALLEY TOWN COUNCIL CHAMBERS 11,000 N. LA CANADA DRIVE STUDY SESSION AT OR AFTER 7:00 PM CALL TO ORDER ROLL CALL 1. DISCUSSION REGARDING ORDINANCE NO. (0)01-29 OV7-01-06, INSERTING A NEW CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING TO THE ORO VALLEY ZONING CODE REVISED AND AMENDING ALL REFERENCES TO OUTDOOR LIGHTING IN CHAPTERS 6, 8, 9, 10 AND 13, AND BY DELETING ALL LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS IN SAID CHAPTERS, AMEND CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, AMEND ARTICLE 16-1 DESIGN GUIDELINES OF THE OVZCR AND AMEND THE TOWN CODE BY DELETING IN ITS ENTIRETY ARTICLE 6-7 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE ADJOURNMENT SPECIAL SESSION AT OR AFTER 7:00 PM CALL TO ORDER ROLL CALL EXECUTIVE SESSION AT OR AFTER 7:00 PM 1. Pursuant to ARS 38-431.03(A)(3) discussion or consultation with the Town Attorney relating to the 1996 Supplemental (Water) Agreement with Vistoso Partners LLC and Vistoso Golf Partners LLC and related matters regarding Rancho Vistoso Neighborhood 11 ADJOURNMENT POSTED: 01/09/02 4:30 p.m. rg Ti TOWN OF ORO VALLEY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION COMMUNICATION MEETING DATE: January 14, 2002 TO: HONORABLE MAYOR& COUNCIL FROM: Sangeeta Jain, Planner II SUBJECT: STUDY SESSION ORDINANCE (0) 01- , 0V7-01-06, INSERTING A NEW CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING TO THE ORO VALLEY ZONING CODE REVISED (OVZCR) AND AMENDING ALL REFERENCES TO OUTDOOR LIGHTING IN 6, CHAPTERS9, 8, 10 AND 13, AND BY DELETING ALL LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS IN SAID CHAPTERS, AMEND CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, AMEND ARTICLE 16-1 DESIGN GUIDELINES OF THE OVZCR, AND AMEND THE TOWN CODE BY DELETING IN ITS ENTIRETY ARTICLE 6-7 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE BACKGROUND: On December 19, 2001 the Town Council voted to continue this item to their February 20, 2002 meeting so they could hold a study session to review the amendments. SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS AND CONCERNS: The Council had the questions following and issues at the December 2001 meeting which are discussed in detail below: 1. Pros and Cons of various types of outdoor lighting sources 2. Height of light poles 3. Cost Comparison for various types of outdoor light fixtures 4. Light trespass 5. Light Shielding and reflectivity off a wall 1. Pros and Cons of Various types of Outdoor Light Fixtures Light Source Characteristics Lamp Group Incandescent Metal Halide High Pressure Low Pressure Sodium Sodium Ballast Required No Yes Yes Yes Brig htness High High to very high High to very high High Color Rendition Very good Good Poor to good Poor Compactness Good Good to fair Good to fair Very poor Dimming Capability Ca abilit Very good A Step Step None high ,Efficacy ac (Lumens! Low Very high to high Very high to high Very igEf y Watt) Life Short to very short Very long to long Very long to long Very long Lumen Maintenance Good Fair to poor Good Very good Optical Control Good Good Good Fair Radiant Heat High Low Low Low . Starting Time (To Full Output) Instant Very slow Very slow Very slow TOWN OF ORO VALLEY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION COMMUNICATION ON P ale 2 of 3 2. Height of Light Poles 18' based on the limitingthe height of the light poles to 18'. Staff had proposed The Council had concerns g Commission's concern that the poles should not extend beyond the building heights. Typical building heights in the various zoning districts are: Zoning Districts Max. Building Ht R1-144 R1-43, R1-36, R1-20, SDH-6 18' R1-72 ' 22' R1-7 R-4, R-S, R1-10, R-4R,R-6 25' C-N' C-1, T-P, PS&C, P&OS 25' 30' C-2 Commercial Uses in the ORSCOD 25' Planned Residential Development 18' Rancho Vistoso PAD 39' Staff analyzed many options for the height of light poles relative to the building height. The pros and cons of various options are discussed below: Option I: Restricting the Height of Light Poles to 33 feet Pros • At 33 feet, light poles can provide adequate lighting over two parking bays. g • Sincepoles at 33' provide lighting over two parking bays, fewer poles are needed. • With fewerp oles at a site, the daytime visual impact is lessened. • Fewer poles are cheaper to operate and install. • Fixed height poles are easy to administer and enforce. Cons ' will in some cases extend beyond the building height in certain cases, and will be well • 3 3 high poles y above the landscape. yt • There may be adverse daytime visual impact because the poles will project over the building in most cases. • There willg be adverse nighttime visual impact on adjacent property owners when they will be able to see the light source from a distance. Option II:Restrictingthe height of Light Poles to Maximum Building height Pros • les not be visible during daytime, as they may not extend beyond the building height. Po may • There may not be adverse nighttime visual impact on adjacent property owners when in the line of sight of light pole. Cons • Since buildings are of various heights in a development, some poles will project above the actual buildings. • Since the allowed height buildinghei ht is 39 feet for commercial in Rancho Vistoso, the poles could go 39 feet height. Option III: Restricting the height of Light Poles to 18 feet Pros • g Since most buildings are at least 18' in height, the poles will not be visible from adjacent property. 1. TOWN OF ORO VALLEY CIL STUDY SESSION COMMUNICATION Page 3 of 3 COUNCIL • Shorter poles are oriented more towards more pedestrian and human scale. • Shorter poles will be more integrated with the mature landscape. • Fixed height poles are easy to administer and enforce. g Cons • Use of shorter poles lead to installing more poles, which leads to more money to install and operate (which will be available at the study session). 3. Cost Comparison for Different Types of Light Fixtures comparison is shown between different types of fixtures Low In the table below, an annual operating cost p Pressure Sodium (LPS), High Pressure (HPS),Sodium Metal Halide (MH, and Incandescent (IC). To produce 875 annuallcompared to using metal halide at $2725 annually. 400,000 lumens using LPS will cost $ y LPS HPS MH IC Characteristics 180W 200W 100W 175W 100W 100W Initial Lumens 33000 22000 9500 16600 9000 1710 Mean Lumens 3300019800 8550 10350 6400 1710 Lamp Wattage 180 200 100 175 100 100 Circuit Wattage 220 246 130 215 115 100 89 Initial Lumens/watt 150 73 77 78 17 56 17 Mean Lumens/ watt 150 80 66 48 Annual KWH Use 902 1009 533 882 472 410 _ 7.7 6 $32.80 Annual Operating Cost $72.16 $80.72 $42.64 $70.56 $3 No of Bulbs regd. for 400,000 lumens 12 20 47 39 63 234 Total Annual Cost $874.67 $1,630.71 $1,994.85 $2,726.96 $2,360.00 $7,672.51 4. Light Trespass Staff has reworded the light trespass definition (see Exhibit B). Also, under Sec. 17-403A, light trespass into ) d El has been defined in. terms of foot-candles to make it less subjective. lighting zones E2, E2a, an q Additionally, we have a requirement that when E3, E3 a, and E2 areas abut E2a or El areas, then the pole 10' heightmounted at least 10' away from the property line, and will mounted luminaires shall be limited to g have internal house-side shields. 5. Shielding from light reflectivity off a wall code to reflect this issue by requiring internal house side shields on all wall Staff has added wording to the In addition, staff has proposed limiting the maximum number of lumens on unshielded mounted light fixtures. p p fixtures to 2,000 lumens (comparable to an 18W LPS, or 25W HPS or 32W MH fixture). Also, there are curfew times for all unshielded light fixtures to deal with the issue. ..., d6,0"----- Attachments: fled ' • � � Outdoor P a �i Zon' g A ministrator Exhibit A Chapter 17 of OVZCR, Ou 1. Revised / Lighting Code 2. Revised Exhibit `B' , Definitions to be added to Chapter 2 / i _ , of the OVZCR Community Develo• ent Director F:\OV\OV7\2001\07-01-06\Reports\TC SS Report January.doc / i i / 4 Town Man.ler REVISED EXHIBIT 'A' JANUARY 14,2001 CHAPTER 17 - OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE Sec. 17-101 Purpose preserve purpose of this code to is the relationship of the residents to their unique desert environment access to the dark night sky. Intended outcomes include preservation of the Town's through protection of g � , and residential / resort character, support of astronomical activity, minimizing excessive use of energy r the safe and security of persons engaged in outdoor night time activities. providing fo ty Sec. 17-201 Applicability The provisions of this article shall apply to: A. New Uses and Buildings B. Major Additions or Modifications to Existing Projects All projects that propose ose 25% or more cumulative addition or structural modification such as changes p gross floor area, building façade, etc. shall meet the requirements of this code for in square footage, the entire property. 25% or m ore cumulative modification or replacement of outdoor lighting shall meet the requirements of this code. C. Minor Additions or Modifications to Existing Projects except in E2a lighting zone that propose less than 25% cumulative additions or structural All projects p g g shall require the submission of a lighting plan of existing and any proposed outdoor modificationsq lighting.. All new outdoor lighting provided shall have to meet the requirements of this code. D. Change of Use Whenever the use of anyexistingbuilding, structure, or premises is changed to a new use that is substantially different from the existing one, all outdoor lighting shall be reviewed and brought into compliance with this code before the new use commences. The Planning & Zoning Administrator will determine whether a substantial change has occurred by evaluating each of the following factors: 1. Hours of operation 2. Type of business 3. Traffic generated 4. Occupancy 5. Degree of existing non-conformance with this Chapter p 6. Need for Development Review Board reconsideration of the development plan and/or architecture. A significant difference or issue with one or a combination of the factors above may be utilized as grounds to require compliance with this code. CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE E. Resumption of Use after Abandonment If a property or use with lighting non-conformingli htin is abandoned as defined in Section 1-804, then all outdoor lighting shall be reviewed and brought into compliance with this code before the use is resumed. F. Exemptions light fixtures producinglight directly by the combustion of natural gas or other fossil 1. All outdoorg fuels. 2. Streetlighting public li htin both and private, except for elements of onsite circulation depicted in Sec. 11-104 J. 3. Seasonal decorations using unshielded low-wattage incandescent lamps from Thanksgiving to January 15th. Sec. 17- 202 Prohibitions A. Mercury Vapor or Lamps Fixtures and Lamps: The installation, sale, offer for sale, lease, or purchase of any mercury vapor lamp for use as outdoor lighting is prohibited. B. Laser Source Light C. Searchlights Sec. 17-301 Lighting Plan Application Requirements A. The submission shall contain the following: 1. Plans indicating the location and type of illuminating devices, fixtures, lamps, supports, reflectors, and other devices on the premises; 2. Description of the illuminating devices, fixtures, lamps, supports, reflectors, and other devices that may include,but is not limited to, catalog cuts by manufacturers and drawings; 3. If canopy lighting li htin is being proposed, then provide calculations for average maintained levels of lighting in foot candles; 4. Photometric data established by the manufacturers or credible source, showing the angle of cutoff or light emissions. Photometric data need not be submitted when the full cutoff performance of the fixture is obvious to the reviewing official; 5. Additional photometric data and site structure information as necessary to assure that there is not any light trespass on adjacent properties; 6. A stamp or statement on the plan by a registered design professional certifying compliance with the requirements of this code. B. Additional Submission Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised Rev.10/01 17-2 CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE and data shall be sufficiently complete to enable the Planning The above required plans, descriptions code compliance. If such plans, descriptions and data Administrator to readily ascertain and Zoning . d determination, byreason of the nature or configuration of the are insufficient to enable this ready devices, fixtures, and proposed, the application will be deemed incomplete. g or lamps The Plannin q Zoning Administrator may require additional evidence of compliance such as certified reports of tests by a recognized testing laboratory. Sec. 17-401 Total Outdoor Light Output A. The total amount of light, measured in lumens, from all outdoor light fixture lamps shall be measured as follows: types, the mean lumen output, as defined by the lamp manufacturer, shall be the 1. For all lamp lumen value used. For lamps not listed with mean lumens, the initial rating shall be used. 2. The total light output of each outdoor light fixture shall be based on the largest lamp that it is rated to accommodate. Furthermore, the largest lamp rating for fluorescent and high intensity discharge fixtures shall be based on the installed ballast rating. 3. For compliance determiningliance with Table 17-1,the total lumens shall be the sum of the following: p a. 100% of the lumens from outdoor light fixtures installed at grade, on poles, and installed on the top or sides of buildings or other structures, when not shielded from above by the structure itself. b. 50% of the lumens from underwater light fixtures unless the fixture is aimed at an angle of less ss than 45 degrees above the horizontal, in which case the lumens shall be calculated at 10% of the lumens. Forprojects in E2a lighting zones, wall mounted unshielded luminaires located within a 45- c verhan down to the wall shall be calculated at degree angle from the edge of the canopy or o g 50% of the lumens. INSERT GRAPHIC d. Exceptions: Outdoor lighting fixtures meeting any of the following conditions shall not be p counted in determining the lumen caps of Table 17-1: (1) Full cutoff light fixtures installed under canopies,building overhangs, or roof eaves. ( ) g2 Light fixtures shielded by the canopy, building overhang, or roof eaves in such a manner that no lamp or vertical element of a lens or diffuser is visible at the property line. (3) Outdoor internally illuminated signs designed according to the Town's sign code. B. Lighting Zones Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised Rev.10/01 17-3 CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE have the following Town of Oro Valley shall lighting zones for the calculation of allowed lumens: 1. "Lighting Zone E3" shall include land uses for retail commercial, office, and business activity. This shall include areas that are zoned C-2 and C-1. 2. "Lighting Zone E3a" shall include land uses such as neighborhood commercial, resorts, and multi family residential,residentil, etc. This shall include areas that are zoned C-N, R-4R, R-6, T-P,R- S, and P-1. 3. "Lighting Zone E2" shall include land uses such as churches, parks, recreation areas, and multi-family residential, schools, among others. This shall include areas that are zoned PS&C, P&OS,R-4, and SDH-6. "Lighting Zone E2a" shall include all single family residential uses. This shall include areas 4. g g that are zoned R1-144,R1-72,R1-43,R1-36,R1-20,R1-10, and R1-7. 5. "Lighting Zone El" is a special overlay zone, whereby the preservation of a naturally dark environment andp reservation of habitat value is considered of paramount importance. It includes identified riparian areas, natural open spaces preserved via easements, covenants or code restrictions, and PAD designated open spaces. No lighting is permitted in this overlay zone. C. Table17-1 providesrequirements uirements of the total mean lumens permitted per net lighting acre for the q different lighting zones. 1. The applicant may use any one of the three options—I,II, or III for the entire property. 2. Net lighting acre is defined in Sec. 2-101,Definitions. 3. Lumens for any fraction of a net lighting acre shall be calculated on a pro-rated basis. TABLE 17-1 LUMEN CAPS: MEAN LUMENS PER NET LIGHTING ACRE Lighting Options LightingZones g g P E3 E3a I E2 E2a Option I: Mostly Low Pressure Sodium (LPS)Lighting Total 400,000 250,000 100,000 70,000 Limit on non-LPS FCO lumens 45,000 25,000 10,000 7,000 Limit on unshielded lumens 12,000 _ 9,000 6,000 4,000 Option H: All Full Cutoff(FCO) Lighting Total 300,000 150,000 _ 65,000 45,000 Option III: Mostly Full Cutoff Lighting Total 200,000 100,000 50,000 35,000 Limit on unshielded lumens _ 12,000 9,000 6,000 4,000 Sec. 17-402 Outdoor Light Fixture Height Requirements Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised Rev.10/01 17-4 • CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE ted luminaire shall be measured from finished grade to the A. The height of a pole-mown center of a luminaire. hpole mountedpole-mounted luminaire shall not exceed 18' or as B. The maximum height of the otherwise specified herein. C. All pole mounted luminaires within E3, E3a, or E2 lighting zones that abut E2a or El lighting zones shall be restricted as follows: 10' 0" for the first row of luminairesat the property line and may raisirise ng 1. Limited in height to at a rate of 1 height in hei ht for every 2'-6" away from the first row of luminaires to a maximum of 18' 2. Luminaires installed within 15' of the property line shall hHave internal house-side shields, within one mounting height. 3. Installed at least 10' away from the property line. herein. except for those used to directly illuminate parking areas shall be limited 13,E. Wall mounted luminaire, p . from finished grade to a maximum of 9' to the center of the luminaire. Those luminaires in height used to illuminate parkingareas shall be the same manufacture style and height as the pole mounted area luminaires. F. All wall-mounted luminaires shall be e•ui••ed with an internal house-side shields so as to minimize the reflected light off the wall. Sec. 17-403 Outdoor Light Design Standards Li htin• Zone E2, E2a, and E l from abuttin• pro•erties shall not exceed 0.3 fc A. Light trespass into � • _ • - measured vertically at 5' above the • ound.' • •- = •= -• =• = •' •. • • • B. In E3, E3a, lighting and E2 li htin zones, the design shall incorporate at least 80% of the allowed lumens or meet the minimum illumination levels recommended in the latest Handbook of the Illuminating Engineering Societyof North America IESNA), whichever is lesser. The design shall be within the recommended illuminance ratio for the specific task. C. Optional: The business mayuniformlyreduce the level of lighting one-hour after the close of business. D. The light poles and luminaires shall be spaced in a manner to provide e enuniform lighting distribution as recommended bythe IESNA in areas of frequent use such as parking lots, pedestrian walkways, etc. tin shall be limited to an average maintained level of 50 fc in E3 and E3a, 30 fc in E2, E. Canopy ligh g and 10 fc in E2a. Rev.10/01 Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised 17-5 CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE F. Each unshielded light fixture shall be limited to a maximum of 2000 lumens. F,G. light unshielded li ht fixtures including seasonal decorations shall be turned off between 11:00 p.m. and sunrise. C- H. Flood or spot lamps shall be aimed no higher than 45 degrees to the horizontal (half-way between p straight down and straight to the side) when the source is visible from any adjacent property. I. Any landscaping ing next to the outdoor light fixtures shall be designed in accordance with Article 14- p 1 of the code. Sec. 17-404 Recreational Facilities Lighting that is directlyassociated with athletic fields, courts or tracks shall be exempt from the total lumen caps of Table 17-1 and the height limits of Sec. 17-402. All such lighting shall utilize full cutoff luminaires unless certified by a registered design professional that such shielding is impractical, subject to Planning and Zoning Administrator's approval. Where full cutoff fixtures are not utilized, acceptable luminaires shall include those which: A. Arep rovided with internal and/or external glare control louvers that are installed so as to limit direct uplight,to less than 5% of the total lumens exiting from the installed fixtures, and; B. Are installed with minimum aiming angles of 25 degrees downward from the horizontal. The aiming angle shall be measured from the axis of the luminaire's maximum beam candlepower as certified by an independent testing agency, and; C. All events requiring illumination shall be scheduled so as to complete all activity between 5 a.m. and the curfew times listed in Table 17-3. Illumination after the curfew shall be permitted only to complete a scheduled event that was unable to conclude before the curfew due to unusual circumstances. Table 17-3 LIGHTED RECREATION FACILITY CURFEW STANDARDS LIGHTING ZONES E3 E3a E2 E2a 12 A.M. 11 P.M. 11 P.M. 10 P.M. Sec. 17-501 Temporary Lighting Exemption A. Request,Renewal,and Information Required Any person may submit a written request, not less than 30 days prior to the day of use, for a temporary lighting exemption request. A temporary lighting exemption shall contain the following information: 1. specific exemption or exemptions requested; 2. type and use of outdoor light fixture involved; 3. duration of time of the requested exemption; 4. type of lamp and lamp lumens; Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised Rev.10/01 17-6 CHAPTER 17 OUTDOOR LIGHTING CODE 5. total wattage of lamp or lamps and number of lamps to be used; 6. proposed location on premises of the outdoor light fixture(s); 7. p revious temporary exemptions, if any, and addresses of premises thereunder; 8. p hysical size of outdoor light fixture(s) and type of shielding provided; 9. mailing labels for public notification; 10. such other data and information as may be required by the Planning and Zoning Administrator. At the discretion of Planning and Zoning Administrator, certain submittal requirements may be waived, if deemed unnecessary or inappropriate. B. Public Notification Allp roperty owners and homeowners associations within 300 feet shall be notified of the temporary exemption request and given 15 days to respond, prior to the Planning and Zoning Administrator's determination. C. Approval; Duration The Planning and Zoning Administrator may approve requests for temporary lighting exemptions. If approved, the exemption shall be valid for not more than 30 days from the date of issuance. The approval shall be renewable at the discretion of the Planning and Zoning Administrator. Each such renewed exemption shall be valid for not more than 30 additional days. Sec. 17-601 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction,Installations and Operation Thep rovisions of this code are not intended to prevent the use of any design, materials or method of installation or operation not specifically prescribed by this code, provided any such alternate has been approved. The Building Official may approve any such proposed alternate provided he finds that it: A. p rovides at least approximate equivalence to the applicable specific requirements of this code; and B. is otherwise satisfactory or complies with the intent of this code; and C. has been designed or approved by a registered design professional and is supported by calculations showing that the design submitted meets the intent of the code. This section shall not have the effect of waiving any requirements of this code. Oro Valley Zoning Code Revised Rev.10/01 17-7 REVISED EXHIBIT B, JANUARY 9,2001 DEFINITIONS TO BE ADDED TO CHAPTER 2 FULL CUTOFF LIGHT FIXTURE (FCO) is a luminaire where zero candela occur at or above an angle of 90 degrees and a maximum of 10% candelas at 80 degrees above the nadir of the installed luminaire. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire. Such candela information shall be determined by a photometric test report from a nationally recognized independent testing agency and as certified by the manufacturer. Any structural part of the luminaire providing this cutoff angle shielding shall be permanently attached. Exception: Building canopies, overhangs, roof eaves, and similar types of construction shall not be considered as the means of providing the cutoff unless the fixtures are shielded in such a manner that no lamp or vertical element of a lens or diffuser is visible at the property line. LIGHT TRESPASS is that portion of the measurable light distribution that extends beyond the property line. , _ ,� � , .. � . ,• �• � ,.• , ,. ..;- - ..--� - -• , . .. • : • : LUMEN means a unit of light output from a source; used to measure the amount of light emitted by lamps. LUMINAIRE is the complete lighting assembly, less the support assembly. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaires lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or full cutoff lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit. Two or more units with lamps less than 3 feet apart shall be considered a single luminaires. NET LIGHTING ACRE shall mean an acre of the remaining ground area after deleting all portions for proposed and existing public and private street rights-of-way within a development, parcel, or subdivision. If there are any El lighting zones in the property, then they shall also be excluded from the calculations of net lighting acre. OUTDOOR LIGHT FIXTURE is an outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or reflective surface, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or portable, used for illumination. Such devices shall include,but are not limited to for: • parking lot lighting; • on-site circulation lighting • building and structural lighting; • landscape lighting; • recreational lighting; • product display area lighting; • building overhangs and open canopies; • security lighting. TEMPORARY LIGHTING is intended for uses, which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic events, or construction projects. UNSHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE is a luminaire without all of the shielding necessary to be defined as Full Cutoff. REMINDER The Executive Session Materials for 1 - 14-02 were previously distributed to you in sealed envelopes. 3 a Ni ,., ,Ttilt,::Ilk .7., ,15t. , *-A • is mar. , *, '.' ',..i.k.,,-..-.',:-',. 4 -. —•,-, .- lik-4,As'-'-'...`. ''". ,.... ,... ,P., i , ,. ,:.,, ),.,..; (111/ ".>"., %,,,, ..„,,:y•-; , , ,�,`4- - !• t* '!r. / Ie' • '.. • X71,,, ,r e�lp ',• ,.,..e-'.z;' ♦ 4•„ i"t rii,' *E.:,1 • S! 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